SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Structured light</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Structured light</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

</p>

<p><b>Structured light</b> is a method that measures the shape and depth of a three-dimensional object by <a href="Projector" title="Projector">projecting</a> a pattern of light onto the object's surface. The pattern can be either <a href="Stripe_(pattern)" title="Stripe (pattern)">stripes</a>, grids, or dots. The resulting distortions of the projected pattern reveals the object's <a href="Solid_geometry" title="Solid geometry">solid geometry</a> through <a href="Triangulation_(computer_vision)" title="Triangulation (computer vision)">triangulation</a>, enabling the creation of a <a href="3D_model" class="mw-redirect" title="3D model">3D model</a> of the object. The scanning process relies on coding techniques for accurately detailed measurement. The most widely used coding techniques are binary, Gray, and phase-shifting, each offering distinct advantages and drawbacks.

</p><p>Structured light technology is applied across diverse fields, including industrial <a href="Quality_control" title="Quality control">quality control</a>, where it is used for precision inspection and <a href="Dimensional_analysis" title="Dimensional analysis">dimensional analysis</a>, and <a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural property">cultural heritage preservation</a>, where it assists in the documentation and restoration of <a href="Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">archaeological artifacts</a>. In <a href="Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, it facilitates non-invasive <a href="Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnostics</a> and detailed surface mapping, particularly in applications such as <a href="Dental_scanning" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental scanning">dental scanning</a> and <a href="Orthotics" title="Orthotics">orthotics</a>. <a href="Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a> integrate structured light technology, with applications ranging from <a href="Facial_recognition_system" title="Facial recognition system">facial recognition systems</a> in <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> to motion-tracking devices like <a href="Kinect" title="Kinect">Kinect</a>. Some implementations, especially in facial recognition, use <a href="Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> structured light to enhance accuracy under varying lighting conditions.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="Triangulation_(computer_vision)" title="Triangulation (computer vision)">Triangulation (computer vision)</a> and <a href="Pattern_recognition" title="Pattern recognition">Pattern recognition</a>.</div>

<p>Structured light measurement is a technique used to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of points on an object's surface. It involves a <a href="Projector" title="Projector">projector</a> and a camera positioned at a fixed distance from each other—known as the baseline—and oriented at specific angles. The projector casts a structured light pattern, which can be either <a href="Stripe_(pattern)" title="Stripe (pattern)">stripes</a>, grids, or dots, onto the object's surface. The camera then captures the distortions in this pattern caused by the object's solid geometry, which reveal the surface shape. By analyzing these distortions, depth values can be calculated.<sup id="cite_ref-Geng_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The measurement process relies on <a href="Triangulation_(computer_vision)" title="Triangulation (computer vision)">triangulation</a>, using the baseline distance and known angles to calculate depth from the pattern's displacement via <a href="Trigonometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonometric">trigonometric</a> principles. When structured light hits a non-planar surface, the pattern distorts predictably, enabling a 3D reconstruction of the surface. Accurate reconstruction depends on system <a href="Calibration" title="Calibration">calibration</a>—which establishes the precise geometric relationship between the projector and camera to prevent depth errors and, consequently, geometric distortions from misalignment—as well as the use of <a href="Pattern_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattern analysis">pattern analysis</a> algorithms.<sup id="cite_ref-Geng_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geng-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_coding">Types of coding</h2></div>

<p>Structured light scanning relies on various coding techniques for 3D shape measurement. The most widely used ones are binary, Gray, and phase-shifting. Each method presents distinct advantages and drawbacks in terms of accuracy, computational complexity, sensitivity to <a href="Noise_(signal_processing)" title="Noise (signal processing)">noise</a>, and suitability for dynamic objects. Binary and Gray coding offer reliable, fast scanning for static objects, while phase-shifting provides higher detail. Hybrid methods, such as binary defocusing and Fourier transform profilometry (FTP), balance speed and accuracy, enabling real-time scanning of moving 3D objects.<sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salvi_2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salvi_2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Binary_coding">Binary coding</h3></div>

<p>Binary coding uses alternating black and white <a href="Stripe_(pattern)" title="Stripe (pattern)">stripes</a>, where each stripe represents a <a href="Binary_digit" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary digit">binary digit</a>. This method is computationally efficient and widely employed due to its simplicity. However, it requires the projection of multiple patterns sequentially to achieve high <a href="Spatial_resolution" title="Spatial resolution">spatial resolution</a>. While this approach is effective for scanning static objects, it is less suitable for dynamic scenes due to the need for multiple image captures. In addition, the accuracy of binary coding is constrained by projector and camera <a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> resolution, and it needs precise <a href="Thresholding_(image_processing)" title="Thresholding (image processing)">thresholding</a> algorithms to distinguish projected stripes accurately.<sup id="cite_ref-Salvi_2004_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salvi_2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gray_coding">Gray coding</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Gray_code" title="Gray code">Gray code</a></div>

<p>Gray coding, named after physicist <a href="Frank_Gray_(researcher)" title="Frank Gray (researcher)">Frank Gray</a>, is a binary <a href="Encoding_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Encoding scheme">encoding scheme</a> designed to minimize errors by ensuring that only one bit changes at a time between successive values. This reduces transition errors, making it particularly useful in applications such as <a href="Analog-to-digital_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog-to-digital conversion">analog-to-digital conversion</a> and optical scanning.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In structured light scanning, where Gray codes are used for pattern projection, a drawback arises as more patterns are projected: the stripes become progressively narrower, which can make them harder for cameras to detect accurately, especially in <a href="Noise_(signal_processing)" title="Noise (signal processing)">noisy</a> environments or with limited resolution. To mitigate this issue, advanced variations such as complementary Gray codes and phase-shifted Gray code patterns have been developed. These techniques introduce opposite or <a href="Phase_(waves)" title="Phase (waves)">phase-aligned</a> patterns to enhance <a href="Robustness_(computer_science)" title="Robustness (computer science)">robustness</a> as well as to aid in error detection and correction in complex scanning environments.<sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kim_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phase-shifting">Phase-shifting</h3></div>

<p>Phase-shifting techniques use <a href="Sinusoidal_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinusoidal wave">sinusoidal wave</a> patterns that gradually shift across multiple frames to measure depth. Unlike binary and Gray coding, which provide depth in discrete steps, phase-shifting allows for smooth, continuous depth measurement, resulting in higher precision. The main challenges are that depth ambiguities can occur because the repeating wave patterns make it difficult to determine exact distances, which requires extra <a href="Reference_data" title="Reference data">reference data</a> or advanced processing to resolve, and, because multiple images are needed, this method is not ideal for moving objects—as motion can create distortions and introduce <a href="Artifact_(error)" title="Artifact (error)">artifacts</a> in the measurement.<sup id="cite_ref-Salvi_2004_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salvi_2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrid_methods">Hybrid methods</h3></div>

<p>To address the limitations of phase-shifting in dynamic environments, binary defocusing techniques have been developed, in which binary patterns are deliberately blurred to approximate sinusoidal waves. This approach integrates the efficiency of binary projection with the precision of phase-shifting, enabling high-speed 3D shape capture. Advances in high-speed <a href="Digital_light_processing" title="Digital light processing">digital light processing</a> (DLP) projectors have further supported the adoption of these hybrid methods in applications requiring real-time scanning, including <a href="Biomedical_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical imaging">biomedical imaging</a> and industrial inspection.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) measures the shape of an object using a single image of a projected pattern. It analyzes how the pattern deforms over the surface, enabling fast, full-field 3D shape measurement, even for moving objects. The process involves applying a <a href="Fourier_transform" title="Fourier transform">Fourier transform</a> to convert the image into frequency data, filtering out unwanted components, and performing an inverse transform to extract depth information. Although FTP is often used alone, hybrid systems sometimes combine it with phase-shifting profilometry (PSP) or dual-frequency techniques to improve accuracy while maintaining high speed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Depth_map" title="Depth map">Depth map</a></li>

<li><a href="Dual_photography" title="Dual photography">Dual photography</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_Dynamic_Range_Imager" title="Laser Dynamic Range Imager">Laser Dynamic Range Imager</a></li>

<li><a href="Lidar" title="Lidar">Lidar</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_stage" title="Light stage">Light stage</a></li>

<li><a href="Range_imaging" title="Range imaging">Range imaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Super-resolution_microscopy#Structured_illumination_microscopy_(SIM)" title="Super-resolution microscopy">Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Structured-light_3D_scanner" title="Structured-light 3D scanner">Structured-light 3D scanner</a> – Sensor that can create 3D scans using visible light</li>

<li><a href="Time-of-flight_camera" title="Time-of-flight camera">Time-of-flight camera</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFGeng2011" class="citation journal cs1">Geng, Jason (2011). "Structured-light 3D surface imaging: a tutorial". <i>Advances in Optics and Photonics</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">128–</span>160. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AdOP....3..128G">2011AdOP....3..128G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2FAOP.3.000128">10.1364/AOP.3.000128</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Lu-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lu_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lu_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lu_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lu_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLu2024" class="citation journal cs1">Lu, Xingyu (2024). "SGE: structured light system based on Gray code with an event camera". <i>Optics Express</i>. <b>32</b> (26): <span class="nowrap">46044–</span>46057. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07326">2403.07326</a></span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024OExpr..3246044L">2024OExpr..3246044L</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2FOE.538396">10.1364/OE.538396</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Zhang-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Song (2018). "High-speed 3D shape measurement with structured light methods: A review". <i>Optics and Lasers in Engineering</i>. <b>106</b>: <span class="nowrap">119–</span>131. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptLE.106..119Z">2018OptLE.106..119Z</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.optlaseng.2018.02.017">10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.02.017</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Salvi_2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salvi_2004_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salvi_2004_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salvi_2004_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSalviPagèsBatlle2004" class="citation journal cs1">Salvi, Joaquim; Pagès, Jordi; Batlle, Joan (2004). "Pattern codification strategies in structured light systems". <i><a href="Pattern_Recognition_(journal)" title="Pattern Recognition (journal)">Pattern Recognition</a></i>. <b>37</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">827–</span>849. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PatRe..37..827S">2004PatRe..37..827S</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.patcog.2003.10.002">10.1016/j.patcog.2003.10.002</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDoran2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Robert_W._Doran" title="Robert W. Doran">Doran, Robert W.</a> (2007). "The Gray Code". <i>Journal of Universal Computer Science</i>. <b>13</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">1573–</span>1597. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3217%2Fjucs-013-11-1573">10.3217/jucs-013-11-1573</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Kim-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kim_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKimRyuLee2008" class="citation conference cs1">Kim, Daesik; Ryu, Moonwook; Lee, Sukhan (2008). <i>Antipodal gray codes for structured light</i>. 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Pasadena, CA. pp. <span class="nowrap">3016–</span>3021. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FROBOT.2008.4543668">10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543668</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbergAbookasis2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, Ori Izhak; Abookasis, David (2020). "Hybrid method combining orthogonal projection Fourier transform profilometry and laser speckle imaging for 3D visualization of flow profile". <i>Journal of Modern Optics</i>. <b>67</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">1197–</span>1209. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JMOp...67.1197R">2020JMOp...67.1197R</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09500340.2020.1823503">10.1080/09500340.2020.1823503</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChenHoNguyen2010" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Liang-Chia; Ho, Hsuan-Wei; Nguyen, Xuan-Loc (2010). "Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) using an innovative band-pass filter for accurate 3-D surface reconstruction". <i>Optics and Lasers in Engineering</i>. <b>48</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">218–</span>225. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010OptLE..48..182C">2010OptLE..48..182C</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.optlaseng.2009.04.004">10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.04.004</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/procamcalib/">Projector-Camera Calibration Toolbox</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eia.udg.es/~qsalvi/Tutorial_Coded_Light_Projection_Techniques_archivos/v3_document.html">Tutorial on Coded Light Projection Techniques</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/667888">Structured light using pseudorandom codes</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060816023556/http://community.middlebury.edu/~schar/papers/structlight/">High-accuracy stereo depth maps using structured light</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pagesperso-orange.fr/fofi/Downloads/Fofi_EI2004.pdf">A comparative survey on invisible structured light</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattlerobotics.org/encoder/200110/vision.htm">A Real-Time Laser Range Finding Vision System</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513090802/http://vis.uky.edu/~realtime3d/Doc/Manuscripts/Dual-frequency%20pattern%20scheme%20for%20high-speed%203-D%20shape%20measurement.pdf">Dual-frequency Pattern Scheme for High-speed 3-D Shape Measurement</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-24670-1_8">High-Contrast Color-Stripe Pattern for Rapid Structured-Light Range Imaging</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-14" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Structured_light&oldid=1295612522">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>